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KMID : 0365220200570020009
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Korean Journal of Public Health
2020 Volume.57 No. 2 p.9 ~ p.16
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Changes in Concentrations of PM2.5 and CO in Gers by Fuel Change in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
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Song Seung-Whan
Bataa Altangerel
Kim Dong-Hyeon
Kim Mun-Hee
Kim Min-Jung
Lee Na-Hyun
Lee Mi-Rae
Jeon Seul-Ki
Chae Hee-Yeon
Jeong Hyun-Hee
Lodoisamba Delgerzul
Dambardarjaa Davaalkham
Lee Ki-Young
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Abstract
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Objectives: In the ger district of Ulaanbaatar, raw coal was used as fuel for heating and cooking. In May 2019, the Mongolian government replaced raw coal with processed coal to improve air quality. The aim of this study was to determine difference of PM2.5 and CO concentrations in gers using raw coal and processed coal.
Methods: In 48 gers, PM2.5 and CO concentrations was measured during daytime using a real-time monitor. Behavioral factors were observed during the measurement. Surveys were conducted on residents’ indoor air quality satisfaction and coal replacement time. The measured PM2.5 concentrations was compared with the PM2.5 concentrations using raw coal in the past. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to identify the factors expected to affect PM2.5 when replaced with processed coal. Situational factors identified in cases of CO concentrations higher than 10 ppm were determined.
Results: The average concentrations of PM2.5 and CO in gers with processed coal were 41.2±25.7 μg/m3 and 2.0±1.3 ppm, respectively. The indoor PM2.5 concentrations with processed coal was significantly lower than the level with raw coal. The important factors affecting indoor PM2.5 concentrations were using candle, smoking, adding fuel, cooking, and ventilation. The CO concentrations was generally low. High peak CO concentrations were observed with the stove opening and cooking using gas.
Conclusion: Indoor PM2.5 concentrations in ger was significantly reduced by use of processed coal. Factors affecting indoor PM2.5 concentrations such as using candle, smoking, adding fuel were similar to those identified in gers with raw coal. The CO concentrations in gers was low level without human health effects, however inappropriate operation could cause high CO level and adverse health effects.
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KEYWORD
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Coal change, Ger, Indoor air, PM2.5, CO
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